贵州省竹类植物种类

贵州省地处中国西南地区东南部，气候温暖湿润，属亚热带湿润季风气候，降水较多，雨季明显，是我国竹类植物的主产省区之一，也是竹类资源较为丰富的省区之一。为探明贵州省分布的竹类植物现状，文章结合《中国竹类图志》《中国植物志》《贵州植物志》及竹类植物研究者统计的贵州省竹种资源，确认了贵州省分布的竹类植物有19属、76种、3变种、6变型，共85种（不包括引种）。研究结果可以为贵州竹资源基础研究和开发利用提供信息支撑。     

Separating the effects of habitat amount and fragmentation on invertebrate abundance using a multi-scale framework

Context

Herbicide treatments in viticulture can generate highly contrasting mosaics of vegetated and bare vineyards, of which vegetated fields often provide better conditions for biodiversity. In southern Switzerland, where herbicides are applied at large scales, vegetated vineyards are limited in extent and isolated from one another, potentially limiting the distribution and dispersal ability of organisms.

Objectives

We tested the separate and interactive effects of habitat amount and fragmentation on invertebrate abundance using a multi-scale framework, along with additional environmental factors. We identified which variables at which scales were most important in predicting patterns of invertebrate abundance.

Methods

We used a factorial design to sample across a gradient of habitat amount (area of vegetated vineyards, measured as percentage of landscape PLAND) and fragmentation (number of vegetated patches, measured as patch density PD). Using 10 different spatial scales, we identified the factors and scales that most strongly predicted invertebrate abundance and tested potential interactions between habitat amount and fragmentation.

Results

Habitat amount (PLAND index) was most important in predicting invertebrate numbers at a field scale (50 m radius). In contrast, we found a negative effect of fragmentation (PD) at a broad scale of 450 m radius, but no interactive effect between the two.

Conclusions

The spatial scales at which habitat amount and fragmentation affect invertebrates differ, underpinning the importance of spatially explicit study designs in disentangling the effects between habitat amount and configuration. We showed that the amount of vegetated vineyards has more influence on invertebrate abundance, but that fragmentation also contributed substantially. This suggests that efforts for augmenting the area of vegetated vineyards is more beneficial for invertebrate numbers than attempts to connect them.

     

接种根瘤菌后3个紫花苜蓿品种耐盐性综合评价

研究苜蓿中华根瘤菌共生3个耐盐性高的紫花苜蓿品种,以选育适宜在内蒙古盐渍土地区大量种植的紫花苜蓿品种。以内蒙古地区常见的3个紫花苜蓿品种(中苜1号、金皇后、阿尔冈金)为试验材料,利用不同浓度NaCl溶液(0、50、150 mmol/L)模拟盐害环境,对3个紫花苜蓿品种接种苜蓿中华根瘤菌,测定紫花苜蓿品种的地上部分鲜质量、根鲜质量、根瘤数、有效根瘤数、丙二醛(MDA)质量摩尔浓度、可溶性糖质量分数6项指标,依据隶属函数法进行耐盐性综合评价。当盐浓度达到50 mmol/L时,3个紫花苜蓿品种中金皇后与苜蓿中华根瘤菌共生耐盐效果最好,相比于不接种地上部分鲜质量增加6.14 g,MDA质量摩尔浓度低至0.91mmol/g,可溶性糖质量分数高达21.65 mg/g,在3个紫花苜蓿品种中膜脂过氧化程度最低,渗透调节能力最强。当盐浓度达到150 mmol/L时,接种苜蓿中华根瘤菌对3个紫花苜蓿品种影响微弱。耐盐性强弱依次为金皇后(接种RM)、中苜1号(接种RM)、阿尔冈金(接种RM)、中苜1号(未接种RM)、金皇后(未接种RM)、阿尔冈金(未接种RM)。不同盐浓度(0、50、150 mmol/L)对3个紫花苜蓿品种生长均有抑制作用,且抑制效果随盐浓度升高而增强。在轻度盐害(50 mmol/L)环境下,接种苜蓿中华根瘤菌有效缓解盐对紫花苜蓿的伤害,其中金皇后耐盐性最强。当重度盐害(150 mmol/L)发生时,接种苜蓿中华根瘤菌对紫花苜蓿作用效果不明显甚至不起作用。     

盐胁迫对野生稻种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

以3个野生稻品种(系)和常规稻品种吉粳301(CK)为试验材料,研究了不同NaCl浓度对野生稻种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,盐胁迫对野生稻和常规粳稻种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响不同,NaCl浓度≤0.3%时,盐胁迫对3个野生稻种子发芽及幼苗生长没有影响,但促进吉粳301种子发芽及幼苗生长;NaCl浓度≥0.5%时,随着NaCl浓度的增大,3个野生稻种子发芽率逐渐降低,幼苗的根长、苗长、根冠比逐渐变小;NaCl浓度与3个野生稻种子发芽率有一定的负相关性;NaCl对野生稻幼苗根的抑制作用强于对苗的作用;不同野生稻品种对NaCl溶液的耐受能力不同,从大到小依次为MY-3、延引红、HY-1。     

Expression of Mitochondria‐Associated Genes (PPARGC1A,NRF‐1, BCL‐2 and BAX) in Follicular Development and Atresia of Goat Ovaries

Most follicles undergo atresia during the developmental process. Follicular atresia is predominantly regulated by apoptosis of granulosa cells, but the mechanism underlying apoptosis via the mitochondria‐dependent apoptotic pathway is unclear. We aimed to investigate whether the mitochondria‐associated genes peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐gamma, coactivator1‐alpha (PPARGC1A), nuclear respiratory factor‐1 (NRF‐1), B‐cell CLL/lymphoma 2 (BCL‐2) and BCL2‐associated X protein (BAX) played a role in follicular atresia through this pathway. The four mitochondria‐associated proteins (PGC‐1α, which are encoded by the PPARGC1A gene, NRF‐1, BCL‐2 and BAX) mainly expressed in granulosa cells. The mRNA and protein levels of PPARGC1A/PGC‐1α and NRF‐1 in granulosa cells increased with the follicular development. These results showed that these genes may play a role in the regulation of the follicular development. In addition, compared with healthy follicles, the granulosa cell in atretic follicles had a reduced expression of NRF‐1, increased BAX expression and increased ratio of BAX to BCL‐2 expression. These results suggested that changes of the mitochondria‐associated gene expression patterns in granulosa cells may lead to follicular atresia during goat follicle development.     

大花白猪肉切块品质点评

该调研对90 kg级大花白肥猪胴体作了切块分析。其大排切块中眼肌相对硕大,有瞬间彩虹折射,系水力强,肌肉组织的弹性良好,切块肥膘洁白无瑕,皮下脂肪肥厚而且饱满坚实,皮层洁白丰厚,无皮下疵瑕。其前肩切块、小排切块、五花肉切块、股二头肌切块肉色鲜艳亮丽,大理石纹丰富细致精美。其股四头肌的红度极高,值得一提。其胴体表现出相当程度的华中型流线型特点,而切块表现出明显的华南型肥满特点,从而表现出华中型与华南型猪肉品质的交混特点,该品种具备传统极品鲜肉和BBQ烧烤肉优势并具备竞争国际品牌猪肉的潜力。